Method of permanently waving hair



Dec. 8, 1936. c. o. MCINTOSH ET AL 2,063,260

METHOD OF PERMANENTLY WAVING HAIR Filed May 18, 1936 d. INVEN 0R5 E.U-MEINTUSH 3 DR 55EX atented Dec- 8, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,083,360 LIETHOD F PEBMANENT Y WAVING @HAIR Charles 0. McIntosh, Des Molnes, and Orville B. Essex, Muscatine, Iowa Application May 18, 1936, Serial No. 80,303 10 Claims. (01. 13%36) This invention relates to the permanent wav- Fig. 1 is an end view of one of our manually ing of hair and has for its principal object. a operated pad engaging heat-applicators loosely rapid, safe, and successful process of waving hair resting on an electrically heated plate. whereby the hair after it is waved is soft, luxu- Fig. 2 is a top plan view of our inner or curling rious and of natural wave characteristics. a solution pad. A further object of our invention is to provide Fig. 3 is a top plan view of our outer oil imprega method of conditioning hair that not only sucnated pad. cessfully permanently waves the hair but also oil Fig. 4 is a side view of an ordinary spool rod treats the hair. 7 and spool rod holding divider clamp.

A still further object of this invention is to Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view of a'spool rod 10 provide a process of permanently waving hair upon which is wrapped a strand of hair and that first permanently waves the hair and, secwhich is surrounded first 'by the inner solution ondly, neutralizes certain harmful ingredients in pad, secondly by the oil impregnated pad, and the permanent waving solution that surrounds thirdly by one of our pre-heated pad engaging, the hair and/or has penetrated and been deheat-applicators. posited in the cells of the hair. Fig. 6 is a bottom view of a hair curling solu- A still further object of our invention is to tion applicator for uniformly distributing a provide a method of conditioning hair whereby quantity of hair curling solution on the inner pad the hair is first permanently waved and then before it is placed around the curl of hair to be treated by saponification and/or chemicalization waved.

for acid and alkali conditions. Fig. 7 is an end view of the hair curling solution A still further object of our invention is to proapplicator.

vide a method and process of permanently wav- There are two chief methods of permanent ing hair and oil treating the hair substantially waving hair today, comprising the usual electric simultaneous with the hair waving phase that is heat method, where the heaters are placed sanitary and free from mussiness or oil drippings around the curl and then heated, and the comduring the operation. paratively new method of pre-heating the heat- Stiil further objects of our invention are to applicators before they are placed on the hair.

provide a method of permanently waving hair Our method and apparatus relates to that type and treating it that does not parch or burn the of permanent waving of hair where the heathair being waved nor leave heat-applicator applicators, which are usually of metal, are premarks on the hair, and is rapidly performed heated and then applied to the wound coils of without burnin or giving discomfort to the hair. One of the most common practices is to patron. place the oiled pad inside the metal applicator Still further objectsof this invention are to and then pro-heat both the metal applicator and provide an easily performed process or method oiled pad before the same are placed around the f p rman ntly waving hair that is economical hair. This is objectionable as the oil in the pad and produces a natural wave of long lasting tends to become more liquid under heat, resulting qualities. in the dripping of the oil and necessitating the Still further objects of this invention are to wiping of this surplus oil from the applicator 40 provide ameans of permanently waving hair with and/or pad before the same are placed on the oil pads that eliminates any necessity of wiping hair. Also, the pads must, by necessity be accusurplus oil or drippings from the pads or the pad rately made to fit the inside diameter of the engaging heat-applicators, and also eliminates metal applicators and not protrude below the any possibility of the pads accidently becoming same, for otherwise they would hold the applidetached from the coils of hair after they have cators away from the heating plate or stove durplaced around the same. ing the heating process. But by these pads not A still further object of this invention is to extending beyond the jaws of the metal applirovide a means for uniformly and properly satcator, the metal applicator when placed on the v ating certain of the pads used in this method hair engages the hair below the winding, thereby ith the hair cm'ling solution. causing a burned mark or line across each curl of Our invention consists in the method or prochair close to the scalp,-which, obviously, is highly ss or means hereinafter set forth, pointed out in objectionable.

ur claims, and illustrated in accompanying Still another objection to the simultaneous pre- 1 swing in which heating of the applicator and pad isthat extremely high heated oil is a great shock to the hair, thereby damaging it and producing an undesirable, dry, harsh, and parched wave. We have overcome such objections by placing an inner oil retarding pad and an outer oiled pad both in a cold state around the hair, thereby making it possible for wider skirted pads to prevent the hot applicator from engaging any part of the hair oi the subject and also permitting a more gradual raising of the temperature of the hair to permanent wave it. Our process also embraces the highly desirable feature of pre-heating the applicator in a dry state, free from oil or liquids, thereby eliminating any necessity of wiping. or cleaning the applicator just previous to its application on the head. By eliminating any necessity of wiping or cleaning the applicator it can be maintain the plate The numeral I5 ated double designates a manually Operiawed heat-applicator having the handles it and I! and the spring II to yieldingly mm hold its Jaws in closed positions. Obvi the specific construction and design of these heatapplicators are not important to our method of permanently waving hair and they may be of any Suitable construction provided they operate luccessfully and will retain sumcient heat after they have been removed from the plate II to wave the ignates the curling solution applicator having a sponge rubber or like strip 2' as shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.

solution is placed in a vessel and by the use or the operation is easily accomplished as the so- 5 placed into the vessel in their longitudinally positioned wet 20 Dads Zll are satare placed around the pads clamped relationship as shown viously the sensible heat in the tothe aceaaeo the pads 20 has successfully contacted the hair the applicators I! will have lost a considerable amount of their sensible heat and this oil will not be, therefore, at such a high temperature as to harm the hairand make it harsh,parched, or brittle. The curling and softening solution and the heat, conditions the hair to a state where it is particularly susceptible to the receiving of the oil. With the hair in this condition the oil readily passes into the shaft of the hair, thereby neutralizing the acids and alkali in the hair cells. From this it will be seen that after the curling and softening solution has served its purpose its harmful effects on the inside the hair will be neutralized by the free oil from the pads 20, and considerable of this neutralization will come about by saponification and/or chemicalization.

Much of this oil that penetrates the hair shaft and contacts the alkali and acid deposits will not be saponified nor chemicalized, and virgin oil by capillary action will reach all parts of the hair, including the medulla and the roots of the hair, thereby lubricating the hair and stimulating and feeding the sebaceous glands and vascular papilla of the hair. By the oil neutralizing, saponifying, or chemicalizing the acids that were in the hair our process makes possible the giving of a permanent wave without discoloring the hair. It will therefore be noted that the oil treating of the hair in our method is not only a conditioning of' the hair but a definite and important part of the permanent waving process. The oil makes possible a superior permanent wave in the hair and on the other hand the softening of the hair with the curling solution and the heat from the heat applicators makes possible the successful oil treating of the hair. By the use of the solution applicator 25 the proper and uniform amount of solution is properly placed on the pads l9 which makes for accuracy and a successful permanent wave. The dry portions of each of the pads l9 at each side of the wet portion 21 aid in preventing the disordered flight of free steam, thereby eliminating steam burns on the scalp of the subject receiving the wave.

Obviously other retarding means than the pads I! may be employed to retard and/or control the flow of the oil from the pads 20 to the hair winds.

The heat-applicators are left on the head until they have substantially cooled. This time period permits the oil in the pads 20 to properly contact the hair, treat and condition it and neutralize, chemicalize, or saponify the undesirable alkali and acids. After the heat-applicators have cooled, they are removed, the hair taken down and washed and then wave-set in the usual manner.

The number of heat-applicators, pads, rods, etc., used on a head of hair will, of course, depend upon the number of curls desired.

By heating the oil in the pads 20 from the sensible heat in the heat-applicators, there is less breaking down of the oils into soap acids than would be the case if the pads holding the oil were pre-heated to a high state before being placed on the hair. Also by placing the pads on the hair at atmospheric temperatures, obnoxious oil odors are eliminated. With the heat-applicators heated in a dry state and free from oil on the plate Ill, they may be taken direct from the plate to the hair, resulting in their maximum eiliciency and insuring a uniform temperature of all of the applicators at the time they are placed on the head, which could not be possible if it were necessary to wipe them off 4 before they were placed on the head.

We claim as our invention:

1. The method of permanently waving hair, consisting in the subjecting of the hair to a curling solution, the coiling of the hair around an elongated member, the saturating of a pad member with the curling solution, the placement of the pad member around the coil of hair, the placement of .a pad member impregnated with an oil around said first mentioned pad member, the pre-heating of a pad engaging and embracing member, applying the said last mentioned member over and around said oil impregnated pad while still hot from said pre-heating for raising the temperature of the pads, solution, and hair, to first steam the hair by virtue of the curling solution and secondly to drive the warm oil from the oil impregnated pad into the hair for neutralizing certain of the ingredients harmful to the hair in the curling solution after the said curling solution has served its purpose and lastly the removing of the pad embracing and engaging member, the pads, and the elongated member and wavessetting the hair.

2. The method of permanently waving hair, consisting in the subjecting of the hair to a curling solution, the coiling of the hair around an elongated member, the saturating of a pad member with the curling solution, the placement of the pad member around the coil of hair, the placement of a pad member impregnated with an oil around said first mentioned pad member, the pre-heating of a pad engaging and embracing member, applying the said last mentioned member over and around said oil impregnated pad while still hot from said pre-heating for raising the temperature in the pads and hair in order to first steam the hair with the curling solution and, secondly to drive the warm oil from the oil impregnated pad through the first mentioned pad and into the hair for neutralizing certain acids and alkali in the cells of the hair.

3. The method of permanently waving hair, consisting in the subjecting of the hair to a curling solution, the coiling of the hair around an elongated member, the saturating of a pad member with the curling solution, the placement of the pad member around the coil of hair, the placement of a pad member impregnated with an oil around said first mentioned pad member, the preheating of a pad engaging and embracing member, applying the said last mentioned member over and around said oil impregnated pad while still hot from said pre-heating for raising the temperature of the pads and hair to first steam the hair with the curling solution and to secondly force the warm oil from the oil impregnated pad into contact with the curling solution in the first mentioned pad and hair for purposes of saponification, and then the removal of the pad engaging and embracing member, the pads, and elongated member.

4. The method of permanently waving hair, consisting in the subjecting of the hair to a curling solution, the coiling of the hair around an elongated member, the saturating of a pad member with the curling solution, the placement of the pad memberaround the coil of hair, the placement of a pad member impregnated with an oil around said first mentioned pad member, the

pre-heating of a pad engaging and embracing member, applying the her over and around said oil impregnated pad said last mentioned mem-' while still hot from said pre-heating for raising the temperature of the pads and hair to firstcurl the hair by virtue of the curling solution and secondly to' drive the warm oil from the oil impregnated pad through the first mentioned pad and into the hair for oil treating the hair after the said curling solution has served its purpose, and lastly the removing of the pad embracing and engaging member, the pads, and the elongated member.

5. The process of comprising, the subjecting oi the hair to a curling solution, the winding of the hair around a rod, the placement of an oil impregnated pad member around the coiled hair, the placement or an oil fiow retarding agent between the said hair and the said pad, the pre-heating of a padengaging and embracing member, the placement of the said last mentioned member around said oil impregnated pad whereby the sensible heat in the same will heat the curling solution, the hair, the oil flow retarding agent, and the oil impregnated pad, the removal of said pad engaging and em: bracing member after it is substantially cooled, the removal 01' the pad and oil flow retarding agent from the hair. and lastly, the wave-setting oi the hair.

6. The process of permanently waving hair comprising, the subjecting oi. the hair to a curling solution, the winding of the hair around a rod, the placement of an oil impregnated pad member around the coiled hair, the placement of an oil fiow retarding pad between the hair and the first mentioned pad, the heating by a suitable means of the curling solution, the hair, and both of said pads for causing said hair to be first permanently waved and then oil treated and conditioned.

7. A process of permanently waving hair comprising, the subjecting oi the hair to a curling solution, the winding of the hair around a rod, the placement of an oil impregnated pad member around the hair having metallic bendable end portions, the placement of an oil flow retardpermanently waving hair ing pad between the hair and the first mentioned pad, the heating by a suitable means 01' the curling solution, the hair, and both of said pads for causing the said hair to be first permanently waved and then oil treated and conditioned.

8. The method or permanently waving hair comprising, the subjecting oi' the hair to a curling solution, the coiling o! the hair, the placement or the oil impregnated pad member around the coiled hair, the saturating oi the longitudinal center portion 01' a pad member, the placement oi said last mentioned pad member between said ment oi the said metallic member while still hot adjacent the outer side 01' said oil impregnated pad member.

9. A method of permanently waving hair comprising, the subjecting oi the hair to a curling solution, the winding oi the hair around a rod, the saturating 01" an applicator member with the curling solution, the placement oi the saturated applicator member on the longitudinal center portion of an absorbent pad for .uniformly and evenly wetting said pad along its longitudinal center, the placement of said pad on said hair, the placement or an oil impregnated pad over said last mentioned pad, and lastly the applying of suitable heat to the outer side 01' said oil impregnated pad for permanently waving said hair and causing the oil in said oil impregnated pad to pass through said first mentioned pad and saponiiy with said curling solution after said curling solution has served its purpose.

10. The method of permanently waving hair, consisting in treating the hair to be waved with a curling solution, winding the hair on a rod member, covering the wound hair with a pad saturated with said curling solution, placing a Dad saturated with an oil over said first mentioned pad, and then applying a pre-heated element over both pads.

CHARLES O. MCINTOSH. ORVILLE R. ESSEX. 

